In 2013, the super typhoon Yolanda struck the Philippines with devastating force, highlighting the potentially alarming link between natural disasters and the rise of authoritarianism. Increasingly frequent storms, droughts, and wildfires underscore the impact of climate change on our society. In a world where climate insecurity grows, the appeal of authoritarian governments promising quick solutions intensifies. Research is beginning to explore how this environmental threat drives nations toward stricter regimes, where fear and the need for security take precedence over democratic ideals.
In recent years, authoritarian candidates such as Rodrigo Duterte in the Philippines have emerged in the wake of climate disasters, like the super typhoon Yolanda that devastated the archipelago in 2013. The dangers of climate change are pushing more and more people and nations toward authoritarian regimes. Studies show that these climate threats exacerbate inequalities and social vulnerability, leading voters to support leaders promising decisive responses. In this context, hurricanes and other extreme events are seen as catalysts for a shift toward authoritarianism. This trend fuels the debate on managing the ecological transition and combating climate issues within a democratic framework in the face of rising “storm autocracies.”
authoritarianism and climate disasters
Super Typhoon Yolanda, also known as Haiyan, struck the Philippines in 2013 with winds of 235 miles per hour, leaving scenes of devastation in its wake. An expert stated that it picked up rocks the size of limousines as if they were plastic bottles. Approximately 6,300 people lost their lives, an official figure that is likely an underestimation. These extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and raise questions about their impact on the global political climate.
the rise of authoritarian leaders
In India, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has used divisive rhetoric by stigmatising Muslims. In Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, during his presidency, sought to diminish the rights of indigenous tribes, sparking a fierce controversy. In the United States, former President Donald Trump faced criticism for his coercive methods and for inciting his supporters to storm the Capitol. These political figures share an uncensored will to power, and their rise coincides with the troubled times of climate change.
climate authoritarianism: future or reality?
With the increase in natural disasters, researchers in countries such as the United Kingdom and Australia conducted a study demonstrating that severe storms lead to an average decrease of democracy scores by 4.25% in affected islands. These nations, referred to as storm autocracies, illustrate how climate disasters can drive citizens to seek authoritarian solutions. Psychological studies also reveal that alarming information about climate change can reinforce discriminatory and nationalistic sentiments. In this context, global governance must prove that a democratic response can be just as effective. This article explores this dynamic.
